Fetal Varicella Syndrome does not occur at the time of initial fetal infection but
results from a subsequent herpes zoster reactivation in utero.

The incidence is about 0.91 % in maternal in maternal chickenpox occurring before 20 weeks gestation, and about 0.5 % in the first trimester.

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Women who develop chickenpox in pregnancy should be referred to a fetal medicine specialist, at 16–20 weeks or 5 weeks after infection, for discussion and detailed ultrasound examination.