Aspirin is not recommended for thromboprophylaxis in obstetric patients.

• Clinicians should consider the use of intravenous tranexamic acid (0.5–1.0 g), in addition to oxytocin, at caesarean section to reduce blood loss in women at increased risk of PPH.
• Consideration should be given to the use of tranexamic acid in the management of PPH.
• According to a Cochrane review- blood loss greater than 400 or 500 ml was less
  common in women who received tranexamic acid in addition to the usual uterotonic agent after vaginal
  birth or caesarean section in a dosage of 1 or 0.5 g intravenously. Tranexamic acid was effective in
  decreasing the incidence of blood loss greater than 1000 ml in women who had undergone caesarean section but not vaginal birth. Further studies are required to investigate the risk of serious adverse effects, including thromboembolic events.

A systematic review reported that women with one, two, or three or more previous caesarean deliveries experience a 1%, 1.7% or 2.8% risk of placenta previa in a subsequent pregnancy. ( Source- Birth After Previous
Caesarean Birth Green-top Guideline No. 45 ).

Assisted reproductive technology ( RR- 3.71, OR 2.67)and maternal smoking ( OR 1.42)  increase the risk of placenta praevia.

Active management of Third stage of Labor includes -

1. Administer 10 IU of oxytocin by intramuscular injection with the birth of the anterior shoulder or immediately after the birth of the baby and before the cord is clamped and cut.

2. After administering oxytocin, clamp and cut the cord- Do not clamp the cord earlier than 1 minute from the birth of the baby unless there is concern about integrity of the cord, or well being of the baby ( e.g heart rate below 60 bpm AND not getting faster) .
Clamp the cord before 5 minutes.

3. After cutting the cord, use controlled cord traction- only after administration of oxytocin and signs of separation of the placenta.

NSAIDs can lead to neonatal pulmonary hypertension and premature closure of the ductus arteriosus.

NSAIDs also reduce fetal renal blood flow and thus urine production leading to a reduced amniotic fluid volume.

The use of NSAIDs should, therefore, be avoided at more than 30 weeks of gestation.

Non-hormonal contraceptive methods are recommended.

According to UKMEC- For women with 'Current breast cancer' , Cu IUCD is Category 1 , all other contraceptive methods are category 4.

For women with 'Past' breast cancer' , Cu IUCD is Category 1 , all other contraceptive methods are category 3.

- For pregnancies at more than 16 weeks of gestation the term low-lying placenta should be used when the placental edge is less than 20 mm from the internal os on transabdominal or transvaginal scanning (TVS).

• The term placenta praevia should be used when the placenta lies directly over the internal os.

The algorithm suggested by RCOG for low lying placenta can be accessed HERE 

In the first stage of labour, pain is transmitted via
the spinal nerves of T10–L1 and results from uterine
contractions and dilatation of the cervix. In the second
stage, stretching of the pelvic ligaments causes pain via the
pudendal nerve originating from the S2–S4 nerve roots.

If women do not achieve satisfactory benefit from bladder training programmes, the combination of an overactive bladder medicine with bladder training should be considered if frequency is a troublesome symptom.