- For pregnancies at more than 16 weeks of gestation the term low-lying placenta should be used when the placental edge is less than 20 mm from the internal os on transabdominal or transvaginal scanning (TVS).

If the distance between the internal os and the placental edge is 20 mm or more on TVS, the placental location should be recorded as normal and managed as per routine

• The term placenta praevia should be used when the placenta lies directly over the internal os.

Advise women with urinary incontinence or overactive bladder who have a BMI greater than 30 to lose weight.

Offer a trial of supervised pelvic floor muscle training of at least 3 months'
duration as first-line treatment to women with stress or mixed urinary
incontinence.Pelvic floor muscle training programmes should comprise at least 8 contractions performed 3 times per day.

Do not use perineometry or pelvic floor electromyography as biofeedback as a routine part of pelvic floor muscle training.

Read about Intrapartum Care in VBAC-

https://obgresource.com/2021/12/10/intrapartum-care-in-vbac-2/

• Clinicians should consider the use of intravenous tranexamic acid (0.5–1.0 g), in addition to oxytocin, at caesarean section to reduce blood loss in women at increased risk of PPH.
• Consideration should be given to the use of tranexamic acid in the management of PPH.
• According to a Cochrane review- blood loss greater than 400 or 500 ml was less
  common in women who received tranexamic acid in addition to the usual uterotonic agent after vaginal
  birth or caesarean section in a dosage of 1 or 0.5 g intravenously. Tranexamic acid was effective in
  decreasing the incidence of blood loss greater than 1000 ml in women who had undergone caesarean section but not vaginal birth. Further studies are required to investigate the risk of serious adverse effects, including thromboembolic events.

- For pregnancies at more than 16 weeks of gestation the term low-lying placenta should be used when the placental edge is less than 20 mm from the internal os on transabdominal or transvaginal scanning (TVS).

• The term placenta praevia should be used when the placenta lies directly over the internal os.

The algorithm suggested by RCOG for low lying placenta can be accessed HERE